Resiliencia de los cultivos de cobertura a la sequía
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46420/TAES.e240016Palabras clave:
Estrés hídrico, Urochloa spp., Pennisetum glaucum, Sistema de plantio diretoResumen
La producción de paja a partir de cultivos de cobertura y la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agrícolas sin labranza pueden verse comprometidas por la escasez de precipitaciones en el período seco fuera de la estación en el centro de Brasil. Este estudio investigó la resiliencia a la sequía de cinco especies de cultivos de cobertura en condiciones de estrés por sequía. Tres niveles de riego [100% de la capacidad de la maceta – CV (condiciones de buen riego), 60% CV (estrés hídrico moderado) y 25% CV (estrés hídrico severo)] y cinco especies de cultivos de cobertura de pastos [Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã, U. brizantha cv. Marandú, U. brizantha cv. Xaraés, U. ruziziensis cv. Común y Pennisetum glaucum cv. ADR 300] se probaron mediante un diseño de bloques al azar, con arreglo factorial 3 × 5 y con tres repeticiones. Con las variables evaluadas se establecieron análisis de variables canónicas (CVA) y una red de correlación. El CVA mostró que el 88,6% de la variación total de los datos se retuvo en las dos primeras variables canónicas. Las plantas estuvieron expuestas a estrés hídrico durante 25 días durante las fases de macollamiento y elongación del tallo. Las plantas del género Urochloa (U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha cv. Marandu y U. brizantha cv. Xaraés) mostraron mayor producción total de materia seca en condiciones normales de riego. Sin embargo, en condiciones de estrés hídrico moderado, U. ruziziensis fue la planta de cobertura con mayor resiliencia, ya que en estas condiciones culminó con una mayor producción de materia seca.
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