Qualitative and quantitative descriptors for quantifying the genetic diversity of bean seeds

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46420/TAES.e230001

Keywords:

Phaseolus vulgaris L., Vigna unguiculata L. Walp, multivariate analysis, selection, seed conservation

Abstract

Beans are one of the main vegetable protein sources for human consumption. Breeders always seek a diversity of bean genotypes to establish and select the best genotypes that promote the greatest genetic gain for the crop. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of bean genotypes based on the characterization of qualitative and quantitative descriptors. Samples of 17 bean cultivars were acquired from the local seed market in Cassilândia, MS, Brazil. Four quantitative and eight qualitative descriptors were used. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using a completely randomized design with three replications. Quantitative data means were grouped using the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the qualitative and quantitative data. Genetic diversity was reported for all quantitative and qualitative traits of bean seeds. The weight of 1,000 seeds (169 to 629 g), seed width (4.8 to 8.0 mm), seed length (8 to 17 mm), and seed thickness (3.7 to 7.4 mm) showed highly significant differences (P<0.001) between the genotypes. Seed color (2 classes), primary color (3 classes) and secondary color (3 classes), seed shape (5 classes), degree of seed flattening (3 classes), seed brightness (3 classes), halo (2 classes) and halo color (2 classes) were the qualitative descriptors measured. The qualitative and quantitative descriptors used in this study proved important for describing the germplasm of the bean crop. The principal component analysis showed that the first two components retain 58% of the data variability, forming five divergent groups. The characterization of the bean genotypes showed genetic diversity in their seeds, and the qualitative and quantitative descriptors used contributed to the adequate separation of the genotypes.

References

Aguilera, J. G.; Pessoni, L. A.; Rodrigues, G. B.; Elsayed, A. Y.; Silva, D. J. H.; & Barros, E. G. (2011). Genetic variability in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) by ISSR markers. Revista Brasileira De Ciências Agrárias, 6(2), 243-252. DOI: 10.5039/agraria.v6i2a998

Aguilera, J. G.; Marim, B. G.; Setotaw, T. A.; Zuffo, A. M.; Nick, C.; & Silva, D. J. H. (2019). The combination of data as a strategy to determine the diversity of tomato subsamples. Amazonian Journal of Plant Research, 3, 276-289. DOI: 10.26545/ajpr.2019.b00035x

Andrade, F. N.; Rocha, M. M.; Gomes, R. L. F.; Freire Filho, F. R.; & Ramos, S. R. R. (2010). Estimates of genetic parameters in cowpea genotypes evaluated for fresh beans. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 41(2), 253-258. DOI: 10.1590/S1806-66902010000200012

Bertini, C. H. C. M.; Almeida, W. S.; Silva, A. P. M.; e Silva, J. W. L.; & Teófilo, E. M. (2010). Multivariate analysis and selection index in the identification of superior cowpea genotypes. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 32(4), 613-619. DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v32i4.4631

Bhering, L. L. (2017). Rbio: A Tool For Biometric And Statistical Analysis Using The R Platform. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 17, 187-190. DOI: 10.1590/1984-70332017v17n2s29

Bisneto, J. A. F.; Teixeira, D. B.; Pereira, R. G.; Cavalcante, M.; & Silva Júnior, J. B. (2022). Characterization and genetic divergence of creole bean varieties. Diversitas Journal, 7(3), 1171-1181. DOI: 10.48017/dj.v7i3.2314

BRAZIL (2009). Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. Rules for seed analysis. Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply. Secretariat for Agricultural Defense. Brasília: Mapa/ASL, p.395. Available at: <https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/arquivos-publicacoes-insumos/2946_regras_analise__sementes.pdf>

Cabral, P. D. S.; Soares, T. C. B.; Lima, A. B. D. P.; Alves, D. D. S.; & Nunes, J. A. (2011). Genetic diversity of common bean accessions by agronomic characters. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 42, 898-905. DOI: 10.1590/S1806-66902011000400011

Cargnelutti-Filho, A.; Ribeiro, N. D.; & Jost, E. (2009). Required number of experiments for cluster analysis of bean cultivars. Ciência Rural, 39, 371-378. DOI: 10.1590/S0103-84782008005000059

Carvalho, M. S.; Oliveira Moulin Carias, C. M.; Silva, M. A.; Ferreira, M. F. S.; Posse, S. C. P.; Guilhen, J. H. S.; & Ferreira, A. (2023). Microsatellites and agronomic approaches reveal the diversity of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivated in Espírito Santo-Brazil, by family farms. Genet Resour Crop Evol, 70, 731-747. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-022-01457-9

Coelho, C. M. M.; Coimbra, J. L. M.; Souza, C. A.; Bogo, A.; & Guidolin, A. F. (2007). Genetic diversity in bean accessions (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Ciência Rural, 37, 1241-1247. DOI: 10.1590/S0103-84782007000500004

Conab (2022). Monitoring the Brazilian grain harvest: 2021/2021 harvest - 7th survey. National Supply Company. Available at: <https://www.conab.gov.br/component/k2/item/download/41683_ef09f64bd61267c92f0b59d9c7ebae55>. Accessed on: September 9, 2023.

Correa, A. M.; & Gonçalves, M. C. (2012). Genetic divergence in common bean genotypes grown in Mato Grosso do Sul. Revista Ceres, 59, 206-212. DOI: 10.1590/S0034-737X2012000200009

Cruz, C. D.; & Regazzi, A. J. (2001). Biometric models applied to genetic improvement. UFV. 390p

Elsayed, A. Y; Hassan, B. A. A.; Hassanin, A. A.; Zyada, H. G.; Ismail, H. E. M.; & Aguilera, J. G. (2023). Selection differential, genetic gain and heritability for yield and quality in tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.). Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 47, e013722. DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347013722

Fao (2023). Faostat. Available at:< https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/>. Accessed on: September 11, 2023.

Guerra, M. P.; Rocha, F. S.; & Nodari, R. O. (2015). Biodiversity, plant genetic resources, and food security in a scenario of threats and changes. Phytogenetics: the basis of sustainable agriculture in Brazil. Ed. UFV, 496 p.

Leite, P. H. M. P.; Silva, V. P.; Gilio, T. A. S.; Felipin-Azevedo, R.; Oliveira, T. C.; & Barelli, M. A. A. (2019). Genetic diversity in cultivars and lines of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using multivariate analysis. Revista Cultura Agronômica, 8(3), 268-279. DOI: 10.32929/2446-8355.2019v28n3p268-279

Morales-Aranibar, L.; Yucra, F. E. Y.; Aranibar, C. G. M.; Saenz, M. C.; Gonzales, H. H. S.; Aguilera, J. G.; Alvarez, J. L. L.; Zuffo, A. M.; Steiner, F.; Ratke, R. F.; & Teodoro, P. E. (2023). First report on the genetic diversity of populations of Gossypium barbadense L. and Gossypium hirsutun L. in the Amazonian native communities, Cusco - Peru. Plants, 12, 865. DOI: 10.3390/plants12040865

Nadeem, M. A.; Karaköy, T.; Yeken, M. Z.; Habyarimana, E.; Hatipoğlu, R.; Çiftçi, V.; Nawaz, M.A.; Sönmez, F.; Shahid, M. Q.; Yang, S. H.; et al. (2020). Phenotypic Characterization of 183 Turkish Common Bean Accessions for Agronomic, Trading, and Consumer-Preferred Plant Characteristics for Breeding Purposes. Agronomy, 10, 272. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10020272

Oliveira, T. C.; Barelli, M. A. A.; Santos, A. A. C.; Siqueira, T. A.; Oliveira, A. J.; & Galbiati, C. (2023). Genetic divergence in common bean accessions through morphological traits. Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo, 15(4), 3540-3555. DOI: 10.55905/cuadv15n4-030

Puerta-Romero, J. (1961). Varieties of Judias grown in Spain. Madrid: Ministry of Agriculture. 798 p. (Monographs, 11)

Sampaio, A. P. L.; Aguilera, J. G.; Mendes, A. M. S.; Argentel-Martinez, L.; Zuffo, A. M.; & Teodoro, P. E. (2023). The role of the genetic diversity of Capsicum spp. in the conservation of the species: qualitative and quantitative characterization. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 47, e009122. DOI: 10.1590/1413-7054202347009122

Silva, H. T. (2005). Minimum descriptors to characterize cultivars/varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Documentos 184. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão. 32 p. Available at: https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/bitstream/doc/194060/1/doc184.pdf. Accessed on: 9 Sept. 2023.

Silva, V. B.; Gomes, R. L. F.; Lopes, A. C. A.; Dias, C. T. S.; & Silva, R. N. O. (2015). Genetic diversity and indication of promising crosses among fava bean (Phaseolus lunatus) accessions. Semina: Agricultural Sciences, 36 (2), 683-692. DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n2p683

Tavares, T. C. O.; Sousa, S. A.; Lopes, M. B. S.; Veloso, D. A.; & Fidelis, R. R. (2018). Genetic divergence among common bean cultivars grown in the state of Tocantins. Revista de Agricultura Neotropical, 5(3), 76-82. DOI: 10.32404/rean.v5i3.1892

Tsutsumi, C. Y.; Bulegon, L. G.; & Piano, J. T. (2015). Bean genetic improvement: advances, perspectives and new studies at the national level. Nativa, 3(3), 217- 223. DOI: 10.31413/nativa.v3i3.2208

Vale, N. M.; Barili, L. D.; Oliveira, H. M.; Carneiro, J. E. S.; Carneiro, P. C. S.; & Silva, F. L. (2015) Choice of genitors for precocity and productivity of carioca beans. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 50(2), 141-148. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2015000200006

Downloads

Published

2023-09-25

Issue

Volume 1 (2023)

Section

Articles Section

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Trends in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

You are free to:

  • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
  • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

  • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
  • ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:

  • You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
  • No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

This is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the license.